Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Neuroblastoma-derived small extracellular vesicles retain cellular identity and adrenergic/mesenchymal state signatures

doi: 10.64898/2026.09.21.753086

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , Particle-size distributions of sEVs isolated by size-exclusion chromatography (from conditioned medium of IMR-5/75, BE(2)-C, GI-ME-N, CLB-GA, LAN-6 and SK-N-FI neuroblastoma cells, determined by the NanoSight LM-10 microscope. Mean and modal particle diameters are shown as mean ± SEM from five independent sEV isolations ( n = 5). B , Representative transmission electron microscopy image of SEC-isolated EVs. Arrowheads indicate vesicular structures. Insets show representative particles at higher magnification. Scale bars, 250 nm and 100 nm, as indicated. C , Western blot analysis of SEC fractions 4-9 for ALG-2-interacting protein X (ALIX), flotillin (FLOT1), CD63, CD81 and calnexin (CAL). Corresponding whole-cell lysates (WCL) are shown in the separate panel to the right. Fractions 5-7 were pooled for subsequent experiments.

Article Snippet: The BE(2)-C cell line (RRID: CVCL_0529) was obtained from ECACC (Salisbury, UK) and the GI-ME-N cell line (RRID: CVCL_1232) from the DSMZ (Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Isolation, Size-exclusion Chromatography, Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Western Blot, Analysis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Neuroblastoma-derived small extracellular vesicles retain cellular identity and adrenergic/mesenchymal state signatures

doi: 10.64898/2026.09.21.753086

Figure Lengend Snippet: Volcano plots showing differential protein abundance in sEVs derived from IMR-5/75 (477 DEPs), BE(2)-C (126 DEPs), GI-ME-N (521 DEPs), CLB-GA (31 DEPs), LAN-6 (85 DEPs) and SK-N-FI (213 DEPs) cells. Cell lines were analyzed in groups according to MYCN amplification (IMR-5/75 and BE(2)-C), TERT rearrangement (GI-ME-N and CLB-GA), or the absence of MYCN amplification and TERT rearrangement (LAN-6 and SK-N-FI), resulting in 110 DEPs ( MYCN amplified), 11 DEPs ( TERT rearranged) and 26 DEPs (lack of MYCN / TERT alternation). Colored circles indicate proteins with significant differential abundance (FDR < 1%) in the respective cell line, whereas grey circles indicate proteins not significantly different. Overlap plots show differential proteins in genomic subgroups.

Article Snippet: The BE(2)-C cell line (RRID: CVCL_0529) was obtained from ECACC (Salisbury, UK) and the GI-ME-N cell line (RRID: CVCL_1232) from the DSMZ (Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Derivative Assay, Amplification

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Neuroblastoma-derived small extracellular vesicles retain cellular identity and adrenergic/mesenchymal state signatures

doi: 10.64898/2026.09.21.753086

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , Hierarchical clustering and heatmap of differentially abundant proteins (144 DEPs at FDR 1%) identified in sEVs derived from IMR-5/75, BE(2)-C, GI-ME-N, CLB-GA, LAN-6 and SK-N-FI cells. Rows represent individual sEV samples and columns represent proteins. Protein abundance is displayed according to the indicated color scale, with red and blue denoting higher and lower relative abundance, respectively. Dendrograms indicate hierarchical clustering of samples and proteins. Colored annotations indicate the genomic subgroup of the respective cell lines ( MYCN -amplified, TERT -rearranged, or lacking MYCN amplification and TERT rearrangement). B , Functional enrichment analysis of proteins associated with the genomic subgroup-specific proteomic signatures. Bars show significantly enriched terms from Gene Ontology (GO) Cellular Component (blue), GO Biological Process (green) and Reactome pathway (grey) analyses. Bar length represents enrichment significance expressed as −log10( P value).

Article Snippet: The BE(2)-C cell line (RRID: CVCL_0529) was obtained from ECACC (Salisbury, UK) and the GI-ME-N cell line (RRID: CVCL_1232) from the DSMZ (Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Quantitative Proteomics, Amplification, Functional Assay, Analysis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Neuroblastoma-derived small extracellular vesicles retain cellular identity and adrenergic/mesenchymal state signatures

doi: 10.64898/2026.09.21.753086

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , Principal component analysis of proteomic profiles from neuroblastoma parental cells and their sEVs. Filled and open symbols indicate parental cells and sEVs, respectively. Colours denote the respective neuroblastoma cell lines. PC1 and PC2 explain 24.9% and 15.3% of the total variance, respectively. B , Hierarchical clustering and heatmap of proteins, significantly different at FDR < 5% in parental cells and corresponding sEVs from IMR-5/75, BE(2)-C, CLB-GA, GI-ME-N, LAN-6 and SK-N-FI. Protein enrichment is displayed as z -scores according to the indicated colour scale. Rows indicate proteins and columns indicate parental cell or corresponding sEV samples. C , Immunoblot analysis of adrenergic (ADRN)- and mesenchymal (MES)-associated proteins in parental cells and corresponding sEVs from IMR-5/75, BE(2)-C, CLB-GA and GI-ME-N, together with the additional mesenchymal neuroblastoma cell lines SH-EP and SK-N-AS. L1CAM anddopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) were analysed as ADRN-associated proteins, and SERPINE1 and COL3A1 as MES-associated proteins. CALR, GAPDH and FLOT1 were analysed as indicated. Molecular masses are shown in kDa.

Article Snippet: The BE(2)-C cell line (RRID: CVCL_0529) was obtained from ECACC (Salisbury, UK) and the GI-ME-N cell line (RRID: CVCL_1232) from the DSMZ (Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Analysis, Protein Enrichment, Western Blot

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: LATS2 expression differences in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma analyzed using bioinformatics and experimental approaches

doi: 10.3892/ol.2026.15671

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional impact of LATS2 upregulation on LUAD/LUSC cell viability and apoptosis. (A) Baseline LATS2 expression comparison in A549 (LUAD), SK-MES-1 (LUSC) and Beas-2B (normal bronchial) cell lines. (B) Western blot validation of LATS2 protein overexpression post-transfection. (C) Transfection efficiency confirmation via fluorescence labeling (MOI=10; transfection rate=90.5 and 90% in LUAD and LUSC, respectively). Scale bar, 100 µm. (D) qPCR quantification of LATS2 mRNA induction post-transfection. (E) MTT assay evaluation of cell proliferation changes following LATS2 upregulation. (F) Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis rate alterations after LATS2 upregulation. Data are presented as mean ± SD and all comparisons were conducted using independent samples t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. LATS2, large tumor suppressor kinase 2; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; BC, blank control; NC, negative control; OE, overexpression; OD, optical density; MOI, multiplicity of infection; qPCR, quantitative PCR.

Article Snippet: The A549 and SK-MES-1 cells (Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) were divided into BC (blank control (BC), negative control (NC) and overexpression (OE) groups.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Expressing, Comparison, Western Blot, Biomarker Discovery, Over Expression, Transfection, Fluorescence, Labeling, MTT Assay, Flow Cytometry, Control, Negative Control, Infection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: LATS2 expression differences in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma analyzed using bioinformatics and experimental approaches

doi: 10.3892/ol.2026.15671

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of LATS2 overexpression on LUAD and LUSC cell migration and invasion. (A) Wound healing assay in A549 cells. (B) Wound healing assay in SK-MES-1 cell lines. (C) Transwell assay evaluating altered invasive capacity of A549 and SK-MES-1 cells. (D) Comparison of cell migration rates. (E) Comparison of number of invading cells. Scale bar, 100 µm, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; LATS2, large tumor suppressor kinase 2; BC, blank control; NC, negative control; OE, overexpression.

Article Snippet: The A549 and SK-MES-1 cells (Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) were divided into BC (blank control (BC), negative control (NC) and overexpression (OE) groups.

Techniques: Over Expression, Migration, Wound Healing Assay, Transwell Assay, Comparison, Control, Negative Control